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Baume Abbey, in its village of Baume-les-Messieurs, Jura, France, was founded as a Benedictine abbey not far from the still-travelled Roman road linking Besançon and Lyon.〔Bernard Prost, ''Essai historique sur les origines de l'abbaye de Baume-les Moines'', 1872:4.〕 It stands near the source of the Dard〔The actual source is the show cave (les Grottes de Baume-les-Messieurs )〕 in the Jura, France. Around it the picturesque village of Baume-les-Messieurs is congregated. The abbey is famous for its sixteenth-century retable. ==Early history== The abbey's origins had been irretrievably lost to memory when Jean Mabillon inquired at the end of the 17th century, though an eleventh-century source and Peter the Venerable in the following century recorded a tradition Mabillon followed, that it had been founded by Saint Columbanus, which would place the foundation in the late sixth century.〔Prost 1872:12 note 2, 13.〕 In 732 Saracen raiders destroyed the obscure community of monks, along with neighboring Château-Châlon and the village of Lons-le-Saunier.〔Prost 1872:15.〕 It was refounded during the reign of Louis the Pious in the early ninth century by Saint Eutice,〔His commemoration falls on 13 January, but the date of his death is uncertain; Prost (1872:20 note 3) gives sources for the few traditional hagiographic details of his life.〕 probably a disciple of Benedict of Aniane, who was revitalizing and reordering the Benedictine communities of the Gauls. In 817, when Emperor Louis at Aachen divided the monasteries in his lands into three categories, ''monasterium Balma'' was one of only twelve that owed him annual subsidies.〔Prost 1872:21-23.〕 Passing through Besançon on his way to Rome in 869, Lothaire granted Baume and all its lands and goods to Arduic, archbishop of Besançon, but he died before the transfer could take effect. Beaume was among the royal properties that fell to the lot of Louis the German at the division effected in May 870.〔Prost 1872:23ff.〕 After the desolation of Burgundy by the Normans, 887—899, once again it had fallen into such desuetude, that its second refounding abbot,〔Prost quotes a charter of Rudolph I of Burgundy, 903: "''Quamdam cellam nomine Balmam, quam ipsi monachi prælibati ad fundamentum reædificaverunt''", "that same cell, Baume by name, that the same aforesaid monks will have rebuilt from the ground up"〕 Berno, who was later called from Baume to found Cluny Abbey in 910, is generally credited with being its founder, about 890.〔Date in Prost 1872:31.〕 Berno was confirmed as abbot in 895 by Pope Formosus, who took it and all its lands under the protection of the Holy See, asserting the right of the community to elect their own abbot, and threatening with excommunication any lay lord who might attach its lands and revenues; Berno took the prudent step of placing Baume under the secular patronage of Rudolph I of Burgundy. About 909, Odo with his noble companion Adegrin, found Baume and became a monk, priest, and then superior of the abbey school, bringing with him a library of 100 books.〔Prost 1872:40.〕 Subsequently, however, without the invigorating presence of Berno's first successors, Baume suffered a century of eclipse, before papal authority gave it in 1147 to Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny; dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul, Baume — in a sense the mother-house of Cluny — thus became a Cluniac priory. The notorious Jean de Watteville was abbé de Baume. Baume was secularised in 1753 and its canons were expelled in 1790, at the start of the French Revolution, when Baumes-les-Moines became Baume-les-Messieurs. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baume Abbey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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